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The
history of dressed Santons can be traced back to the Italian nativity
scenes of the 18th century. They actually appeared before their
miniature clay counterparts, but were not produced in series until
the early 19th century. The earliest examples were reserved for
churches who could afford the more expensive, larger Santons which
were used to create lavish manger scenes. As time went by, these
fully dressed Santons became less important as components of the
nativity scene and came to represent the essence of the day-to-day
village life in Provence at the time of the French Revolution.
The
dressed Santons now illustrate the wide variety of individuals that
peopled the villages of Provence. We find all the local tradesmen,
the farmers, the shepherds, the peddlers, and the workers. They
come to life and give us a first-hand perspective of the richness
and variety of life in Provence at the end of the 18th century.
We see them with their baskets full of the region’s riches and crafts.
They bring to life a bygone era when the glazier and knife-sharpener
went from village to village offering their services and trading
the news from neighboring hamlets. We see men and women at work
and play in every facet of village life during that period in history.
Many
of the first Santon-makers even modeled their Santons after actual
people in their village. These were treasured by the local families
as part of the family heirlooms. At Christmas, many villagers would
take their personal Santons in the effigy of one of the family’s
members and place it in the nativity scene in the local church.
In such a way, the entire village’s population was represented by
the Santons of its individual inhabitants.
It
was only in the middle of the 20th century that dressed Santons
were produced in series in sizes ranging from 15 to 30 centimeters
(approximately 6 to 12 inches) and made available to the general
public. They quickly became items sought after by collectors. Santons
are collected for their beauty as well as their representation of
a time gone by. This idealized vision of Provence at the time of
the French Revolution is intensified by the fact that most Santons
are portrayed as elderly people in activities, professions or trades
that have long since disappeared. This tendency toward nostalgia
has given way to a high degree of craftsmanship in the making of
Santons. Much research is done to ensure that they are historically
accurate. There is great detail in the faces, clothes and accessories
of each and every figurine. Through them, we truly can discover
the beauty and history of a time gone by in that magical corner
of France which is Provence.
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